• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    There is disclosed a photographic device including a camera device (1) having a lens (10), a shutter (110) and an image sensor (120). The photographic device furthermore contains a linear displacement device (2), wherein the linear displacement device (2) contains a displacement actuator (22), the linear displacement device (2) is mechanically rigidly coupled to the camera device (1), the camera device (1) running linearly along the optical axis (A) by operating the shift actuator (22) can be moved. The photographic apparatus further includes a controller (3), the controller including a batch recording sequence controller (32), the batch recording sequence controller configured to execute an automated batch recording sequence comprising: shifting the camera device (1) between a near-point position and a remote-position a sequence of shifting steps of an incremental shift distance Δd and triggering of the shutter (110) between the shifting steps. There is further disclosed a method of recording a photographic image.
    公开号:CH710414A1
    申请号:CH01828/14
    申请日:2014-11-27
    公开日:2016-05-31
    发明作者:Rosenbauer Ralph；Oldani André
    申请人:Alpa Capaul & Weber Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    THE iNVENTION field
    The present invention is in the field of photographic equipment and methods for recording photographic images.
    General state of the art
    With the recent development in the design of lenses and image sensors, the recording of photographic images comes to physical limits. When recording a photographic image, the depth of field is largely determined by the focal length of the lens, the lens aperture and sensor size, or more generally, the image size. Particularly in the field of high-quality macro-photography with large image sensors, the depth of field is reduced to almost one level and may have an extension in the range of small fractions of a millimeter, such as, for example, 0.02 mm.
    general description
    While dimming is a known and common measure to increase the depth of field, this option is of limited value in the field of high quality macro photography, or even unavailable at all, since the typically used high power lenses are typically diffraction optimized and the best performance with the aperture fully open, while dimming results in blur caused by diffraction. Some lenses have no variable aperture at all.
    Therefore, the recording of high quality photographic macro images is complicated and hardly possible if a substantial depth of field, e.g. a depth of field in the range of a few millimeters or more is required.
    An overall object of the present invention is to improve the current situation with respect to the recording of high-quality images in the field of macro photography. This overall task is solved in a general way by the subject-matter defined by the dependent claims. Particularly preferred and exemplary embodiments are defined by the dependent claims as well as the overall disclosure of this document. This document relates in particular to photographic imaging with an enlargement in the range from 1: 5 to 5: 1.
    In one aspect, the overall objective is achieved by providing a photographic device, wherein the photographic device includes a camera device. The camera device includes an objective, a shutter and an image sensor. The camera device has an optical axis. The photographic device further includes a linear displacement device, wherein the linear displacement device includes a displacement actuator. The linear displacement device is mechanically rigidly coupled to the camera device.
    The camera device is linearly displaceable without play along the optical axis by actuating the displacement actuator. The photographic device further includes a control device. The controller includes a shift actuator interface in operative communication with the shift actuator for controlling the actuation of the shift actuator. The controller further includes a closure interface in operative coupling with the closure for controlling the closure release. The controller further includes a batch record sequence controller, wherein the batch record sequence controller is configured to execute a batch record sequence. The batch recording sequence includes the steps of: shifting the camera device between a near-point position and a far-point position in a sequence of shifting steps of an incremental shift distance and triggering the shutter between the shifting steps.
    In another aspect, the overall objective is achieved by providing a method of photographic imaging. The procedure includes:Providing a camera device, the camera device including an objective, a shutter and an image sensor, the camera device having an optical axis;Executing an automated batch recording sequence under the control of a batch recording sequence controller, the stack recording sequence comprising the steps of: shifting the camera device along the optical axis between a far-end position and a near-point position in a sequence of incremental shift distance shifting steps and controlling the camera device to initiate the shutter between them Shift steps, whereby a photographic stack image is recorded.
    Whenever the shutter is released, a photographic stack image is recorded. Each individual photographic stack image has a small and typically almost infinitesimal depth of field as explained above. By shifting the camera means between recording the individual photographic batch images by the incremental shift distance, the small area covered by the depth of field and correspondingly recorded with correct sharpness is incrementally shifted between the photographic stack images. After performing the batch recording sequence, the final photographic image is conveniently calculated by combining the areas of correct sharpness of the individual photographic batch images. This technique is also known as Focus Stacking. The incremental displacement distance is desirably set to be equal to or slightly smaller than the depth of field defined by the optical design.
    In particular, a method according to the present disclosure may be practiced using a photographic device in accordance with the present disclosure. In such embodiments, the method further includes providing a shifter and a controller as discussed above and / or discussed below.
    For best photographic results, the shutter is desirably designed to cause a small and reasonably negligible vibration during shutter release. Typically, the closure is an electronically controlled focal plane shutter, but may generally be a central shutter.
    In some embodiments, the objective is designed for a fixed given magnification. Such lenses do not contain a focus adjustment and require a design distance between the objective and the photographic object. Accordingly, the batch recording sequence of a photographic image recording method may not include sharpening the camera device. In principle, focus stacking can also be achieved by incrementally changing the focus setting between the recording of the photographic stack images. In this case, however, the magnification is different for each sub-image, resulting in the fact that the calculation of the final photographic image from a large number of photographic batch images is not possible with the required image quality. In some embodiments of the photographic image recording method, the method includes recording the images of the batch recording sequence with a fully opened lens aperture of the camera device.
    The lens may originally be designed for photographic recording purposes, but may be originally designed for other technical applications such as quality inspection, e.g. Semiconductor wafer inspection, machine vision / image recognition or the like.
    In some embodiments, the photographic device includes an image display for real-time display of an image recorded by the image sensor or is adapted to be operably coupled to it. The real-time display of the recorded image is often referred to as the "live view".
    The image display may be, for example, a monitor such as an LCD or CRT monitor of a computer device in operative coupling with the image sensor, but may also be a separate monitor or display combined with the image sensor in a compact recording device.
    In some embodiments, prior to executing the batch record sequence, the method includes determining the near-end position and the far-end position, wherein determining the near-end position and the far-end position includes shifting the camera device to a position where a nearest object point of the photographic object and a farthest one Object point of the photographic object are each in focus. The difference between the near-point position and the far-point position corresponds to the extent of the photographic object in the direction of the displacement axis (object depth).
    Specifically, a method according to the present disclosure may include determining the near-point position and the far-point position prior to executing the batch-recording sequence by manually controlling a shift of the camera device while controlling the sharpness of an image recorded by the camera device in real-time. The controller may be configured to store a current shift position of the camera device in a near-end position memory and / or a remote-point position memory, respectively. The controller may be further configured to manually control an actuation of the shift actuator. In some embodiments, the controller may be further configured to store dedicated locations, such as an origin or reference position and / or one or more user-defined locations, and to control the relocation actuator to move the camera device to such dedicated locations on demand.
    Alternatively or in addition to manually determining the near point or far point, the photographic recording device includes an autofocus unit, e.g. based on contrast detection and / or phase detection. In such embodiments, determining the near-end position and the far-end position may include moving the camera device within a given range of motion and automatically detecting the position of the camera device closest to and farthest away from the photographic object where a portion of the recorded image is in focus ,
    In some embodiments, the controller is configured to calculate the number of shift steps based on the near-point position, the far-point position, and the incremental shift distance and / or the depth of field. The photographic image recording method may include calculating the number of shift steps based on the near-end position, the far-point position, and the incremental shift distance and / or the depth of field prior to executing the batch-recording sequence.
    embodiments
    Hereinafter, embodiments will be discussed in more detail with additional reference to the figures.<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> schematically shows a photographic device according to the present disclosure in a schematic structural and functional view;<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> schematically illustrates a workflow of a photographic image recording method according to the present disclosure.
    Hereinafter, reference is first made to Fig. 1 reference. Fig. 1 shows an arrangement of a camera device 1 and a linear displacement device 2 in a schematic structural side view together with a schematic photographic object O. Fig. 1 also shows a control device 3 and a display device 4 in a schematic functional view, wherein the control device 3 and the display device 4 is operatively coupled to the camera device 1 or the displacement device 2. The extension of the photographic object O along the optical axis A (object depth) is referred to as D.
    The camera device 1 includes a lens 10, a closure device 11 and a recording device 12 in coaxial arrangement with a common optical axis A.
    The objective 10 is a high power lens that is favorably designed for a fixed magnification and further diffraction optimized. The focal length of the objective 10 is typically within a range of e.g. 75 mm to 120 mm. Typically, the magnification is in a range of 5: 1 to 1: 5 (i.e., the lateral object dimension is between 1/5 and 5 times the corresponding lateral image dimension in the image sensor plane), e.g. 1: 1.
    The shutter 11 includes an electronically controlled slit shutter 110 and associated control circuitry and / or user interface. In one example, the closure device 11 is an ALPA FPS camera, as available from ALPA Capaul & Weber AG, Switzerland. As an alternative to a closure between the objective 10 and the recording device 12, a central closure can be used.
    The recorder 12 is exemplified as a "digital" medium format "back", as is known for high end imaging applications. Such digital backs are available, inter alia, from Victor Hasselblad AB, Gothenburg, Sweden, or Phase One A / S, Frederiksberg, Denmark. The recording device 12 includes an image sensor 120 having a sensor area of e.g. 3.3 cm x 4.4 cm or 4.5 cm x 6 cm in the case of a digital medium format back, where the number of pixels is in a typical range of 50 megapixels to 80 megapixels. The recording device 12 further includes supplemental circuitry operatively coupled to the image sensor 120. Optionally, the recording device 12 may include an image memory for storing recorded images, but the recorded images may also be transferred directly to another device, e.g. a PC or workstation, or the controller 3, discussed below. In addition to triggering the shutter 110 for image recording with a well-defined exposure time, the shutter 110 may be controlled to remain permanently open for a longer period of time for live view purposes. In one variant, no closure device is used with a classical (mechanical) closure, but the closure is integrated into the recording device as a "virtual shutter", which is realized by a corresponding control of the image sensor 120. This type of arrangement is favorable in terms of mechanical vibrations in the shutter release, which is completely excluded by a virtual shutter.
    Between the lens 10 and the closure device 11 and between the closure device 11 and the recording device 12, for example, tubular extension elements 13a, 13b are arranged according to the optical requirements.
    The camera device 1 shown is fully modular and individual components can be individually modified, replaced or the like. Alternatively, however, some or all components may be implemented integrally.
    The displacement device 2 includes by way of example a base member 20 and a carriage 21 in operative mechanical coupling. The carriage 21 can be displaced relative to the base member 20 linearly and backlash-free in the reverse and forward directions, as indicated by the corresponding arrow. The displacement device 2 further includes a displacement actuator 22, which is realized for example as a DC motor, stepping motor, piezoelectric actuator or a combination thereof. Typically, the shifter 2 further includes sensors, not shown, such as encoders and / or limit switches for providing feedback signals. The displacement actuator 22 is coupled, for example via a threaded spindle with the carriage 21, whereby a spindle drive is realized. The smallest required range of movement or displacement of the carriage 21 corresponds to the object depth D, which is typically in the millimeter or centimeter range. For practical purposes, the range of motion may be greater. The smallest displacement of the carriage 21 is given by the depth of field and is conveniently smaller. Typically, the resolution and precision are in the range of a few hundredths of a millimeter range or even in the micrometer range. The base member 20 and the carriage 21 may be coupled via a preloaded ball bearing, a dovetail guide or the like.
    The camera device 1 is mechanically rigidly coupled to the carriage 21 and aligned with the displacement direction so that a displacement of the carriage 21 is connected to a displacement of the camera device 1 along the optical axis A.
    In use, the base member 20 is rigidly mounted to a tripod or other suitable rigid frame or support structure.
    In the example shown in FIG. 1, the camera device 1 and the displacement device 2 are structurally separate units, which are mechanically coupled via the slide 21 or a housing of the closure device 11. Alternatively, however, the camera device 1 and the displacement device 2 may be partially or entirely integral.
    The controller 3 is exemplified by a general-purpose computer such as a laptop or a notebook PC or a workstation running corresponding software. Alternatively, the control device may be a dedicated special device. In Fig. 1, main functional couplings are indicated by dashed lines.
    The control device 3 includes a displacement actuator interface 30 in operative coupling with the closure device 11 for controlling the actuation of the displacement actuator 22 and, conveniently, receiving feedback information from the displacement actuator and / or other sensors such as a linear encoder of the displacement device 2. The control device 3 further includes a shutter interface 31 in operative coupling with the shutter 11 for triggering the shutter 110. The shifter actuator interface 30 and shutter interface 31 may be wired interfaces using standard interfaces such as USB, and / or proprietary interfaces, and / or may be partially or fully wireless be, for example using Bluetooth and / or WLAN.
    In the illustrated embodiment of Fig. 1, a trigger signal is transmitted from the shutter interface 31 to the shutter 11 whenever the shutter 110 is to be triggered to record a (stack) image, and a corresponding synchronization signal is supplied from the shutter 11 transmitted via an operative coupling to the recording device. Alternatively, however, the recording device 12 may be independently operatively coupled to the controller 3.
    The controller 3 further includes a batch recording sequence controller 32 that controls the execution of a batch recording sequence. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the batch record sequence controller further includes a near-end position memory 33 and a far-end position memory 34, implemented, for example, as volatile memory registers.
    The controller 3 of the illustrated embodiment further includes a user interface 35 in operative association with the batch record sequence controller 32. The user interface may be, for example, a graphical user interface typically used in the context of general purpose computing devices, a touch screen user interface, and / or. or may have dedicated input and / or output components such as switches, pushbuttons, displays, etc.
    In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1, the batch record sequence controller 32 continues to control the overall workflow, as discussed below. Alternatively, a dedicated overall controller may be present in the control device 3.
    It should also be noted that the example shown in FIG. 1 does not imply a specific arrangement of the functional units of the control device 3. In particular, some or all of the functional units may be integrated and / or functional units may be split. Furthermore, a functional unit can be completely or partially integrated into the camera device 1 and / or the displacement device 2.
    In the embodiment of Fig. 1, furthermore, a dedicated display device 4 is operatively coupled to the recording device 12 to show recorded images in real time as a life view, which is particularly useful for adjusting the near and far points. Alternatively, the image may be shown on another device, for example on a screen of the controller 3.
    In the following, reference is additionally made to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 illustrates an example workflow of a photographic imaging method according to the present disclosure. FIG. The exemplary method can be carried out in particular with a photographic device according to FIG. 1.
    The method starts, as indicated by "S", in a step S1, the camera device 1 is moved to a "Home" position or reference position, which is advantageously defined mechanically by the design of the displacement device 2 and / or the camera device 1 , In the home position, the setup is calibrated or recalibrated as necessary. Step S1 can be initialized via the user interface 35.
    In a subsequent step S2, the shutter 110 is controlled to be permanently open, which is required for life-view.
    In a subsequent step S3, the camera device 1 is moved to the remote point position under manual control. For this step, the user manually controls the camera device so that it is continuously or stepwise shifted to the photographic object, and observes the image continuously displayed on the display device 4. The camera device 1 is at the far-point position when the farthest point of the object O (i.e., the point of the object O which is farthest from the stationary base part 20) is correctly focused. For manual shifting of the camera device 1, the user interface 35 may have arrow buttons or buttons, a jog wheel or the like. The remote point position is stored in the remote point location memory 34 via a corresponding user action.
    In a subsequent step S4, the camera device 1 is controlled to be shifted to the near-point position, and the near-point position is analogously stored in the near-end position memory 33.
    In a subsequent step S5, the controller 3 calculates the number of shift steps required to record the photographic object O having a depth D. The number of steps is given by the difference between the far-point position and the near-point position divided by the incremental shift distance Δd. That is, if n is the number of photographic batch images to be recorded and Δd is the incremental shift distance, then n = D / Δd. The number of shift steps is n-1, respectively. The incremental shift distance may be entered manually by a user and, as previously explained, should be equal to or less than the depth of field. Alternatively, the depth of field and / or the incremental shift distance may be calculated by the controller 3. It should be noted that the incremental shift distance Δd is typically not identical to the smallest shift step (resolution) given by the design of the shifter 2. Generally, the shift step (resolution) of the shifter 2 is smaller than the incremental shift distance Δd, so that actually a number of steps for shifting the camera device by the incremental shift distance Δd are performed.
    In an exemplary application, if the object depth D = 1 cm and the depth of field (corresponding to the incremental displacement distance Δd,) is 0.02 mm, at least n = 500 photographic stack images are correspondingly required. In a typical application example, the effective depth of field is 0.02 mm. With an object depth D of 5 mm, 250 photographic stack images would be required.
    In a subsequent step S6, the shutter 110 is closed. Both the opening of the closure 110 in step S2 and the closure of the closure 110 in step S6 can be carried out via the user interface 35 of the control device 3 and / or directly via a user interface of the closure device 11.
    Thereafter, the batch recording sequence is executed in step S7 in which the photographic batch images are recorded. In an optional step S70, a delay time is waited to ensure that the mechanical structure is in a static state and that potential oscillations resulting from a previous actuation of the displacement actuator 22 and previous shutter releases have subsided. For this purpose, a delay timer (not shown) may be provided in the control device 3. A sufficient delay time may be in a range of 1 s, for example. However, depending on the design, no delay time may be required.
    In a subsequent step S71, the shutter 110 is triggered via the shutter interface 31, and accordingly, a photographic stack image is recorded. The recorded photographic batch images are stored with file names that allow subsequent reconstruction of the recording order, for example, via a counter number as part of the file names, since the order is required for the subsequent calculation of the final photographic image.
    In a subsequent step S72, it is determined whether the previously calculated number n of shift steps has been executed. If so, the batch recording sequence ends with step E. If the required number of shift steps has not yet been executed, the camera device 1 is shifted by the incremental shift distance Δd in the direction of the far-point position in step S73, and the operation goes to repetition from step S70 and step S71, respectively, for recording the next successive photographic batch image.
    After recording all the photographic stack images as previously explained, the final photographic image can be calculated by combining the photographic stack images, as previously explained.
    The exemplary method as shown in Figure 1 can be varied in a number of ways; Individual steps can be omitted or executed at another position of the workflow. For example, the determination of the far-point position (step S3) and the near-point position (step S4) can be reversed. Conveniently, the batch recording sequence starts at the far-point position, and the camera device 1 is shifted in the direction of the near-point position for this variant in step S73.
    Instead of determining the required number n of photographic stack images from the far-point position, the near-point position, and the incremental shift distance Δd, the number n of photographic stack images can be input directly by a user.
    If autofocus is available, the steps of determining the near-point position and the far-point position, respectively, may be performed in an automated sequence.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Photographic device, the photographic device containing:<tb> - <SEP> a camera device (1), wherein the camera device (1) comprises a lens, (10), a shutter (110) and an image sensor (120), wherein the camera device (1) has an optical axis (A ) having;a linear displacement device (2), wherein the linear displacement device (2) comprises a displacement actuator (22), wherein the linear displacement device (2) is mechanically rigidly coupled to the camera device (1), wherein the camera device (1) Actuating the displacement actuator (22) can be displaced linearly without play along the optical axis (A);<tb> - <SEP> a control device (3), the control device comprising:a shift actuator interface (30) in operative communication with the shift actuator (22) for controlling the actuation of the shift actuator (22);a closing interface (31) in operative coupling with the shutter (110) for controlling the shutter release;<tb> <SEP> - <SEP> a batch record sequence controller (32), the batch record sequence controller for executing an automated batch record sequence comprising:Shifting the camera device (1) between a near-point position and a far-point position in a sequence of shift steps of an incremental shift distance Δd and triggering the shutter (110) between the shift steps is configured:
    [2]
    2. Photographic device according to claim 1, wherein the lens (10) is designed for a fixed given magnification.
    [3]
    A photographic apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control means (3) is configured to calculate the number of shift steps based on the near-spot position, the far-point position and / or the incremental shift distance Δd and / or the depth of field.
    [4]
    4. Photographic device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (3) for storing a current displacement position of the camera device (1) in a near-point position memory and / or a remote point position memory is configured.
    [5]
    5. A photographic apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the photographic device is adapted to manually control the operation of the shift actuator (22).
    [6]
    A photographic apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the photographic device includes an image display or is operatively coupled to an image display for real-time display of an image recorded by the image sensor (120).
    [7]
    7. A method of photographic imaging, the method comprising:providing a camera device (1), the camera device (1) comprising a lens (10), a shutter (110) and an image sensor (120), the camera device (1) having an optical axis;Executing an automated batch recording sequence under the control of a stacked recording sequence controller, the batch recording sequence comprising the steps of: shifting the camera device (1) along the optical axis between a far-point position and a near-point position in a sequence of shifting steps of one incremental shift distance Δd and controlling the camera means (1) to trigger the shutter (110) between the shifting steps, thereby recording a photographic stack image.
    [8]
    The photographic image recording method of claim 7, wherein the method includes: calculating the number of shift steps based on the near-point position, the far-point position, and the incremental shift distance and / or the depth of field prior to executing the batch-recording sequence.
    [9]
    The photographic image recording method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the batch recording sequence does not include adjusting a focus adjustment of the camera device (1).
    [10]
    The photographic image recording method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the method includes: recording the images of the batch recording sequence with a fully opened lens shutter of the camera device (1).
    [11]
    11. The photographic image recording method according to claim 7, wherein the method includes: prior to executing the batch recording sequence, determining the near-end position and the far-point position, determining the near-point position and the far-point position, including moving the camera device to a position , at a nearest object point of the photographic object and a farthest object point of the photographic object are respectively in focus.
    [12]
    12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method includes determining the near-point position and the far-point position by manually controlling a displacement of the carriage while controlling the sharpness of an image recorded by the camera device (1) in real-time.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    引用文献:
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    US20050190989A1|2004-02-12|2005-09-01|Sony Corporation|Image processing apparatus and method, and program and recording medium used therewith|
    US20110123188A1|2009-11-10|2011-05-26|Matthew William Cardwell|Motor controlled macro rail for close-up focus-stacking photography|
    JP2011145422A|2010-01-13|2011-07-28|Olympus Imaging Corp|Imaging apparatus|
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    法律状态:
    2017-05-31| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: CMSRK RENTSCH KAELIN AG, CH |
    2017-07-14| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: ALPA CAPAUL AND WEBER AG, CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ALPA CAPAUL AND WEBER AG, CH |
    2017-11-15| PCAR| Change of the address of the representative|Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: HIRSCHENGRABEN 1, 8001 ZUERICH (CH) |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH01828/14A|CH710414B1|2014-11-27|2014-11-27|Photographic device, in particular for recording stacked images.|CH01828/14A| CH710414B1|2014-11-27|2014-11-27|Photographic device, in particular for recording stacked images.|
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